Diagram the Elevation Profile of the Mariana Trench 

Get the position of the Mariana Trench.

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X position = Entity["UnderseaFeature", "MarianaTrench"]["Position"]

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Plot a north-south section of the trench.

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X nsPositions = GeoDestination[position, GeoDisplacement[{Quantity[10*#, "Kilometers"], Quantity[180, "AngularDegrees"]}]] & /@ Range[-25, 25];

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X nsData = Transpose[ List[(#[[1, 1]] - position[[1, 1]]) & /@ nsPositions, First@GeoElevationData[GeoPosition[First /@ nsPositions]]]];

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X lpns = Rotate[ ListPlot[{-#[[1]], #[[2]]} & /@ nsData, Frame -> True, Axes -> False, AspectRatio -> 1/5, FrameTicks -> False, Joined -> True, PlotRangePadding -> {None, Automatic}], -90 Degree]

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Plot an east-west section of the trench.

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X wePositions = GeoDestination[position, GeoDisplacement[{Quantity[10*#, "Kilometers"], Quantity[90, "AngularDegrees"]}]] & /@ Range[-25, 25];

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X weData = Transpose[ List[(#[[1, 2]] - position[[1, 2]]) & /@ wePositions, First@GeoElevationData[GeoPosition[First /@ wePositions]]]];

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X lpwe = ListPlot[weData, Frame -> True, Axes -> False, AspectRatio -> 1/5, FrameTicks -> False, Joined -> True, PlotRangePadding -> {None, Automatic}]

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Make a relief map of the trench and mark the sections.

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X relief = GeoGraphics[{Thick, GrayLevel[0.5], Line[nsPositions], Line[wePositions], GeoMarker[position, Style["\[Times]", Red, 30]]}, GeoRangePadding -> None, GeoBackground -> GeoStyling["ReliefMap"]]

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Combine the map and section plots.

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X Grid[{{lpwe}, {relief, lpns}}]

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